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10/09/2007

Hans Christian Andersen Award

The Hans Christian Andersen Award, sometimes known as the Little Nobel Prize, is an international award given biennially by the International Board on Books for Young People (IBBY) in recognition of a "lasting contribution to children's literature". There are two categories of award winners: authors, and illustrators. The prize is named after the Danish author Hans Christian Andersen, and winners receive a gold medal from the hand of the Queen of Denmark.

In addition to the Award, IBBY publishes a biennual "Honor List" of excellent new children's books, which are selected by the different national sections of IBBY, and recognize excellence in writing, illustration and translation of children's books.

Writing
The Hans Christian Andersen Award for Writing has been awarded since 1956.

1956 - Eleanor Farjeon (United Kingdom)
1958 - Astrid Lindgren (Sweden)
1960 - Erich Kästner (Germany)
1962 - Meindert DeJong (USA)
1964 - René Guillot (France)
1966 - Tove Jansson (Finland)
1968 - James Krüss (Germany), José Maria Sanchez-Silva (Spain)
1970 - Gianni Rodari (Italy)
1972 - Scott O'Dell (USA)
1974 - Maria Gripe (Sweden)
1976 - Cecil Bødker (Denmark)
1978 - Paula Fox (USA)
1980 - Bohumil Říha (Czechoslovakia)
1982 - Lygia Bojunga Nunes (Brazil)
1984 - Christine Nöstlinger (Austria)
1986 - Patricia Wrightson (Australia)
1988 - Annie M. G. Schmidt (Netherlands)
1990 - Tormod Haugen (Norway)
1992 - Virginia Hamilton (USA)
1994 - Michio Mado (Japan)
1996 - Uri Orlev (Israel)
1998 - Katherine Paterson (USA)
2000 - Ana Maria Machado (Brazil)
2002 - Aidan Chambers (United Kingdom)
2004 - Martin Waddell (Ireland)
2006 - Margaret Mahy (New Zealand)

Illustration
The Hans Christian Andersen Award for Illustration has been awarded since 1966.

1966 - Alois Carigiet (Switzerland)
1968 - Jiří Trnka (Czechoslovakia)
1970 - Maurice Sendak (USA)
1972 - Ib Spang Olsen (Denmark)
1974 - Farshid Mesghali (Iran)
1976 - Tatjana Mawrina (USSR)
1978 - Svend Otto S. (Denmark)
1980 - Suekichi Akaba (Japan)
1982 - Zbigniew Rychlicki (Poland)
1984 - Mitsumasa Anno (Japan)
1986 - Robert Ingpen (Australia)
1988 - Dusan Kállay (Czechoslovakia)
1990 - Lisbeth Zwerger (Austria)
1992 - Kveta Pacovská (Czech Republic)
1994 - Jörg Müller (Switzerland)
1996 - Klaus Ensikat (Germany)
1998 - Tomi Ungerer (France)
2000 - Anthony Browne (United Kingdom)
2002 - Quentin Blake (United Kingdom)
2004 - Max Velthuijs (Netherlands)
2006 - Wolf Erlbruch

10/04/2007

Gottfried Keller Preis

The Gottfried-Keller-Preis or Prix Gottfried Keller is one of the oldest literary awards of Switzerland.

The prize was created by Martin Bodmer and is named after the Swiss author Gottfried Keller. It is awarded every 2-3 years.


Laureates
1922 Jakob Bosshart
1925 Heinrich Federer
1927 Charles Ferdinand Ramuz
1929 Josef Nadler
1931 Hans Carossa
1933 Festgabe Universität Zürich
1936 Hermann Hesse
1938 Ernst Gagliardi
1943 Robert Faesi
1947 Fritz Ernst
1949 Rudolf Kassner
1952 Gertrud von Le Fort
1954 Werner Kaegi
1956 Max Rychner
1959 Maurice Zermatten
1962 Emil Staiger
1965 Meinrad Inglin
1967 Edzard Schaper
1969 Golo Mann
1971 Marcel Raymond
1973 Ignazio Silone
1975 Hans Urs von Balthasar
1977 Elias Canetti
1979 Max Wehrli
1981 Philippe Jaccottet
1983 Hermann Lenz
1985 Herbert Lüthy
1989 Jacques Mercanton
1992 Erika Burkart
1994 Gerhard Meier
1997 Giovanni Orelli
1999 Peter Bichsel
2001 Agota Kristof
2004 Klaus Merz
2007 Fabio Pusterla

Faulkner Award for Fiction

The PEN/Faulkner Award for Fiction is awarded annually by the PEN/Faulkner Foundation to the author of the best American work of fiction that year. The winner receives US $15,000 and each of four runners-up receives US $5000. The foundation brings the winner and runners-up to Washington, D.C. to read from their works at the Great Hall of the Folger Shakespeare Library.

The PEN/Faulkner Foundation is an outgrowth of William Faulkner's generosity in donating his 1949 Nobel Prize winnings, "to establish a fund to support and encourage new fiction writers." It is affiliated with the writers' organization International PEN.

The award was first given in 1981.


Fiction award winners
1981 Walter Abish, How German Is It
1982 David Bradley, The Chaneysville Incident
1983 Toby Olson, Seaview
1984 John Edgar Wideman, Sent for You Yesterday
1985 Tobias Wolff, The Barracks Thief
1986 Peter Taylor, The Old Forest
1987 Richard Wiley, Soldiers in Hiding
1988 T. Coraghessan Boyle, World's End
1989 James Salter, Dusk
1990 E.L. Doctorow, Billy Bathgate
1991 John Edgar Wideman, Philadelphia Fire
1992 Don DeLillo, Mao II
1993 E. Annie Proulx, Postcards
1994 Philip Roth, Operation Shylock
1995 David Guterson, Snow Falling on Cedars
1996 Richard Ford, Independence Day
1997 Gina Berriault, Women in Their Beds
1998 Rafi Zabor, The Bear Comes Home
1999 Michael Cunningham, The Hours
2000 Ha Jin, Waiting
2001 Philip Roth, The Human Stain
2002 Ann Patchett, Bel Canto
2003 Sabina Murray, The Caprices
2004 John Updike, The Early Stories
2005 Ha Jin, War Trash
2006 E.L. Doctorow, The March
2007 Philip Roth, Everyman

9/29/2007

Man Booker Prize

The Man Booker Prize for Fiction, also known in short as the Booker Prize, is a literary prize awarded each year for the best original full-length novel, written in the English language, by a citizen of either the Commonwealth of Nations or the Republic of Ireland.

The winner of the Booker Prize will generally be assured of international renown and success. It is also a mark of distinction for authors to be nominated for the Booker longlist or selected for inclusion in the shortlist. In 1993, the Booker of Bookers Prize was awarded to Salman Rushdie for Midnight's Children (the 1981 winner), as the best novel to win the award in the first 25 years of its existence.

For a complete list of winning and shortlisted authors, see List of winners and shortlisted authors of the Booker Prize for Fiction.

History
The prize was originally known as the Booker-McConnell Prize after the company Booker-McConnell began sponsoring the event in 1968, and became commonly known as the "Booker Prize" or simply "the Booker". When administration of the prize was transferred to the Booker Prize Foundation in 2002, the title sponsor became the investment company Man Group, which opted to retain "Booker" as part of the official title of the prize. The prize money awarded with the Booker Prize was originally £21,000, and was subsequently raised to £50,000 in 2002 under the sponsorship of the Man Group.


Judging
The selection process for the winner of the prize commences with the formation of an advisory committee which includes an author, two publishers, a literary agent, a bookseller, a librarian, and a chairperson appointed by the Booker Prize Foundation. The advisory committee then selects the judging panel, the membership of which changes each year, although on rare occasions a judge may be selected a second time.

To maintain the consistent excellence of the prize, judges are selected from amongst leading literary critics, writers, academics and notable public figures.

Akutagawa Prize

The Akutagawa Prize (Akutagawa Ryūnosuke Shō) is Japan's most prestigious literary award. Established in 1935 by Kikuchi Kan, the editor of Bungei Shunjū magazine, in memory of writer Ryūnosuke Akutagawa, it is sponsored by the Association for the Promotion of Japanese Literature (Nihon Bungaku Shinkō Kai), and is awarded semiannually in January 'E' in the list, below) and July ('L' in the list below) to the best story of a serious literature published in a newspaper or magazine by a new or rising writers.

The winner receives a pocket watch and a cash award of 1 million yen. Short stories and novellas win the prize more frequently than do full-length novels. Because of its prestige and the considerable attention the winner receives from the media, it is Japan’s most sought after literary prize.


Winners
001 1935E Ishikawa Tatsuzo for 蒼氓 Sōbō
002 1935L no prize awarded
003 1936E Oda Takeo for 城外 Jyōgai
003 1936E Tsuruta Tomoya for コシャマイン記 Koshamain ki
004 1936L Ishikawa Jun for 普賢 Fugen
004 1936L Tomisawa Uio for The Mediterranean Sea (地中海 Chichūkai)
005 1937E Ozaki Kazuo for Leisure Glasses (暢気眼鏡 Nonki megane)
006 1937L Hino Ashihei for 糞尿譚 Fun'nyōtan
007 1938E Nakayama Gishu for 厚物咲 Atsumonozaki
008 1938L Nakazato Tsuneko for 乗合馬車 Noriaibasha, Nikkōshitsu
009 1939E Handa Yoshiyuki for Chicken Trouble (鶏騒動 Niwatori sōdō)
009 1939E Hase Ken for Children Of Asakusa (あさくさの子供 Asakusa no kodomo)
010 1939L Samukawa Kotaro for The Poacher (密猟者 Mitsuryōsha)
011 1940E no prize awarded
012 1940L Sakurada Tsunehisa for 平賀源内 Hiraga gen'nai
013 1941E Tada Yukei for Choko Delta (長江デルタ Chōkō deruta)
014 1941L Shibaki Yoshiko for The Garden City (青果の市 Seika no ichi)
015 1942E no prize awarded
016 1942L Kuramitsu Toshio for The Liaison (連絡員Renrakuin)
017 1943E Ishizuka Kikuzo for 纏足の頃 Chanzū no koro
018 1943L Tonobe Kaoru for 和紙 Washi
019 1944E Yagi Yoshinori for 劉廣福 Ryūkanbu
019 1944E Ono Juzo for The Ascent (登攀 Tōhan)
020 1944L Shimizu Motoyoshi for Wild Geese (雁立 Karitachi)
021 1949E Kotani Tsuyoshi for 確証 Kakushō
021 1949E Yuki Shigeko for 本の話 Hon no hanashi
022 1949L Inoue Yasushi for The Bullfight (闘牛 Tōgyū)
023 1950E Tsuji Ryoichi for The Foreigner (異邦人 Ihōjin)
024 1950L no prize awarded
025 1951E Abe Kobo for The Crime of S. Karuma (壁 S.カルマ氏の犯罪 Kabe S. Karuma shi no hanzai)
025 1951E Ishikawa Toshimitsu for Spring Grass (春の草 Haru no kusa)
026 1951L Hotta Yoshie for Hiroba no kotoku, kankan, sono ta
027 1952E no prize awarded
028 1952L Gomi Kosuke for 喪神 Sōshin
028 1952L Matsumoto Seicho for 或る「小倉日記」小伝 Aru kokura nikki den
029 1953E Yasuoka Shotaro for Bad Company, Dismal Fun (Warui nakama, inki na tanoshimi)
030 1953L no prize awarded
031 1954E Yoshiyuki Junnosuke for A Rain Shower (Shūu, sono ta)
032 1954L Kojima Nobuo for American School (Amerikan sukūru)
032 1954L Shono Junzo for A Poolside Scene (Pūrusaido shōkei)
033 1955E Endo Shusaku for White Person (Shiroi hito)
034 1955L Shintaro Ishihara for Season Of The Sun (Taiyō no kisetsu)
035 1956E Kondo Keitaro for Kaijinfune
036 1956L no prize awarded
037 1957E Kikumura Itaru for Iwo Jima (Iōjima)
038 1957L Kaiko Takeshi for The Emperor’s New Clothes (Hadaka no ōsama)
039 1958E Oe Kenzaburo for Prize Stock (Shiiku)
040 1958L no prize awarded
041 1959E Shiba Shiro for Mountain Pagoda (Santō)
042 1959L no prize awarded
043 1960E Morio Kita for In The Corner Of Night And Fog (Yoru to kiri no sumi de)
044 1960L Miura Tetsuo for Hidden River (Shinobukawa)
045 1961E no prize awarded
046 1961L Uno Koichiro for The Whale God (Kujiragami)
047 1962E Kawamura Akira for A Heroic Departure (Bitan no shuppatsu)
048 1962L no prize awarded
049 1963E Goto Kiichi for A Boyhood Bridge (Shōnen no hashi)
049 1963E Kono Taeko for Crab (Kani)
050 1963L Tanabe Seiko for Sentimental Journey (Senchimentaru Jaanî)
051 1964E Shiba Shou for Saredo waga hibi
052 1964L no prize awarded
053 1965E Tsumura Setsuko for Toys (Gangu)
054 1965L Takai Yuichi for Northern Stream (Kita no kawa)
055 1966E no prize awarded
056 1966L Maruyama Kenji for Summer’s Passage (Natsu no nagare)
057 1967E Oshiro Tatsuhiro for The Cocktail Party (Kakuteru Paatî)
058 1967L Kashiwabara Hyozo for Dosuke Tokoyama’s Returning Home (Tokuyama Dōsuke no kikyō)
059 1968E Maruya Saiichi for Remains Of The Year (Toshi no nagori)
059 1968E Oba Minako for Three Crabs (Sanbiki no kani)
060 1968L no prize awarded
061 1969E Shoji Kaoru for Little Red Riding Hood, Take Care (Akazukin-chan ki wo tsukete)
061 1969E Takuba Hideo for Deep River (Fukaikawa)
062 1969L KiyookaTakayuki for Akashiya no tairen
063 1970E Yoshida Tomoko for Mumyōchōya
063 1970E Furuyama Komao for Pureō eito no yoake
064 1970L Furui Yoshikichi for Yoko (Yōko)
065 1971E no prize awarded
066 1971L Ri Kaisei for Kinuta wo utsu on’na
066 1971L Higashi Mineo for Okinawan Boy (Okinawa no Shōnen)
067 1972E Hatayama Hiroshi for Sometimes The Whistle Blew (Itsuka kiteki wo narashite)
067 1972E Miyahara Akio for Dareka ga sawatta
068 1972L Yamamoto Michiko for Betty Boop’s Garden (Beti-chan no niwa)
068 1972L Go Shizuko for Requiem (Rekuiemu)
069 1973E Miki Taku for Hiwa
070 1973L Noro Kuninobu for Vines (Kusa no tsurugi)
070 1973L Mori Atsushi for Lunar Mountain (Gassan)
071 1974E no prize awarded
072 1974L Hino Keizo for The Evening Sun (Ano yūhi)
072 1974L Sakata Hiro for Earthen Vessel (Tsuchi no utsuwa)
073 1975E Hayashi Kyoko for Matsuri no ba
074 1975L Nakagami Kenji for The Cape (Misaki)
074 1975L Okamatsu Kazuo for Shikinoshima
075 1976E Murakami Ryu for Almost Transparent Blue (Kagirinaku tōmeini chikai burū)
076 1976L no prize awarded
077 1977E Mita Masahiro for What Am I (Bokutte nani)
077 1977E Ikeda Masuo for Offering In The Aegean (Eegekai ni sasagu)
078 1977L Miyamoto Teru for Firefly River (Hoterugawa)
078 1977L Taki Shuzo for The Nutmeg Tree Festival (Kaya no ki matsuri)
079 1978E Takahashi Kiichiro for Nobuya
079 1978E Takahashi Michitsuna for September Sky (Kugatsu no sora)
080 1978L no prize awarded
081 1979E Shigekane Yoshiko for Smoke In The Mountains (Yamaai no kemuri)
081 1979E Aono So for Night Of The Idiots (Gusha no yoru)
082 1979L Mori Reiko for The City Of Mockingbirds (Mokkingubaado no iru machi)
083 1980E no prize awarded
084 1980L Otsuji Katsuhiko for My Father Vanished (Chichi ga kieta)
085 1981E Yoshiyuki Rie for Little Lady (Chisana kifujin)
086 1981L no prize awarded
087 1982E no prize awarded
088 1982L Kato Yukiko for Wall of Dreams (Yube no kabe)
088 1982L Kara Juro for A Letter From Young Sagawa (Sagawa-kun kara no tegami)
089 1983E no prize awarded
090 1983L Kasahara Jun for Mokoji's World (Mokuji no sekai)
090 1983L Takagi Nobuko for Hold The LIght, Friend (Hikari daku tomo yo)
091 1984E no prize awarded
092 1984L Kizaki Satoko for Blue Paulownia (Aogiri)
093 1985E no prize awarded
094 1985L Kometani Fumiko for The Passover (Sugikoshi no matsuri)
095 1986E no prize awarded
096 1986L no prize awarded
097 1987E Murata Kiyoko for In The Pot (Nabe no naka)
098 1987L Ikezawa Natsuki for Still Lives (Sutiru Raifu)
098 1987L Miura Kiyohiro for He’s Leaving Home (Chōnan no shukke)
099 1988E Arai Man for The Missing’s Time (Tazunebito no jikan)
100 1988L Nagi Keishi for Diamond Dust (Diayamondo Dasuto)
100 1988L I Yanji for Yuhi
101 1989E no prize awarded
102 1989L Ooka Akira for Hyōsō seikatsu
102 1989L Takizawa Mieko for Nekobaba no iru machi de
103 1990E Tsujihara Noboru for A Village’s Name (Mura no namae)
104 1990L Ogawa Yoko for Pregnancy Calendar (Ninshin karendaa)
105 1991E Henmi Yo for The Automatic Wake-up Machine (Jidou kishō sōchi)
105 1991E Ogino Anna for Water Burden (Seoi mizu)
106 1991L Matsumura Eiko for Uptown (Apatōn)
107 1992E Fujiwara Tomomi for Driver (Untenshi)
108 1992L Tawada Yoko for The Bridegroom Was A Dog (Inumuko iri)
109 1993E Yoshimeki Haruhiko for Sekiryōkōya
110 1993L Okuizumi Hikaru for The Stones Cry Out (Ishi no raireki)
111 1994E Muroi Mitsuhiro for Odorodeku
111 1994E Shono Yoriko for The Time Slip Industrial Complex (Taimu surippu konbinaato)
112 1994L no prize awarded
113 1995E Hosaka Kazushi for Kono hito no iki
114 1995L Matayoshi Eiki for Pig's retribution (Buta no mukui)
115 1996E Hiromi Kawakami for Tread On A Snake (Hebi wo fumu)
116 1996L Tsuji Hitonari for The Light from the Strait (Kaikyō no hikari)
116 1996L Yu Miri for Family Cinema (Kazoku shinema)
117 1997E Medoruma Shun for A Drop Of Water (Suiteki)
118 1997L no prize awarded
119 1998E Hanamura Mangetsu for Geranium Nights (Gerumaniamu no yoru)
119 1998E Fujisawa Shu for Midnight In Buenos Aires (Buenosu Airesu gozen reiji)
120 1998L Hirano Keiichiro for Eclipse (Nisshoku)
121 1999E no prize awarded
122 1999L Gengetsu for A Dwelling In The Shade (Kage no sumika)
122 1999L Fujino Chiya for Summer Promise (Natsu no yakusoku)
123 2000E Machida Ko for Shreds (Kiregire)
123 2000E Matsuura Hisaki for A Spoiling Rain (Hana kutashi)
124 2000L Seirai Yuichi for Holy Water (Seisui)
124 2000L Horie Toshiyuki for The Bear And The Paving Stone (Kuma no shikiishi)
125 2001E Genyu Sokyu for Flowers In Limbo (Chūin no hana)
126 2001L Nagashima Yu for More Speed Mama (Mōsupîdo de haha wa)
127 2002E Yoshida Shuichi for Park Life (Paaku raifu)
128 2002L Daido Tamaki for Salty Drives (しょっぱいドライブ Shoppai doraibu)
129 2003E Yoshimura Manichi for The Hairworm (ハリガネムシ Hariganemushi)
130 2003L Wataya Risa for A Back I Want To Kick (蹴りたい背中 Keritai senaka)
130 2003L Kanehara Hitomi for Snakes and Earrings (蛇にピアス Hebi ni piasu)
131 2004E Mobu Norio for Introduction to Nursing Care (介護入門 Kaigo nyūmon)
132 2004L Abe Kazushige for Grand Finale (グランド・フィナーレ Gurando finaare)
133 2005E Nakamura Fuminori for A Child in the Ground (土の中の子供 Tsuchi no naka no kodomo)
134 2005L Akiko Itoyama for Waiting Offshore (沖で待つ Oki de matsu)
135 2006E Takami Itō for Throwing Stuff Away on a Road in August (八月の路上に捨てる Hachigatsu no rojō ni suteru)
136 2006L Nanae Aoyama for Hitori Biyori (ひとり日和)
137 2007E Tetsushi Suwa for Asatte no Hito (アサッテの人)


Special occurrences
Occasionally, when consensus cannot be reached between judges over disputes about the winning story or the quality of work for that half year, no prize is awarded. The judges usually include contemporary writers, literary critics, and former winners of the prize. From 1945 through 1948, no prizes were awarded due to postwar instability.

On January 15, 2004, the awarding of the 130th Akutagawa Prize made significant news when two women became the award’s youngest winners. The prize went to both Wataya Risa, 19, and Kanehara Hitomi, 20. Previously, the youngest Akutagawa winners were all males over 23 years old, among them the current Tokyo Governor Shintaro Ishihara and novelist Oe Kenzaburo who later went on to win the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1994.

9/21/2007

Nobel Prize

The Nobel Prize in Literature (Swedish: Nobelpriset i litteratur) is awarded annually to an author from any country who has, in the words of Alfred Nobel, produced "the most outstanding work of an idealistic tendency" (original Swedish: den som inom litteraturen har producerat det utmärktaste i idealisk riktning). The "work" in this case refers to an author's work as a whole, though individual works are sometimes also cited. The Swedish Academy decides who, if anyone, will receive the prize in any given year and announces the name of the chosen laureate in early October.

The original citation of this Nobel Prize has led to much controversy. In the original Swedish, the word idealisk can be translated as either "idealistic" or "ideal". In earlier years the Nobel Committee interpreted the intent of the will strictly, and did not award certain world-renowned authors of the time such as Leo Tolstoy and Henrik Ibsen, probably because their works were not "idealistic" enough. More recently the wording has been interpreted much more liberally, and the Prize is awarded allegedly for lasting literary merit. The choice of the Academy can still cause controversy, particularly for the selection of lesser-known writers (or writers working in avant garde forms) such as Dario Fo in 1997 and Elfriede Jelinek in 2004.

The Nobel Prize is not the sole measure of literary excellence and lasting worth. Critics of the prize point out that many well-known writers have not been awarded the prize, or even been nominated.


Nomination procedure

Each year the Swedish Academy sends out requests for nominations of candidates for the Nobel Prize in Literature. Members of the Academy, members of literature academies and societies, professors of literature and language, former Nobel literature laureates, and the presidents of writers' organizations are all allowed to nominate a candidate. However, it is not possible to nominate oneself.

Thousands of requests are sent out each year, and about fifty proposals are returned. These proposals must be received by the Academy by February 1, after which they are examined by the Nobel Committee. By April, the Academy narrows the field to around twenty candidates, and by summer the list is reduced further to some five names. The subsequent months are then spent in reviewing the works of eligible candidates. In October that year, members of the Academy vote, and the candidate who receives more than half the number of votes is named the Nobel Laureate in Literature. The process is similar to those of other Nobel Prizes. In principle, nominations and deliberations remain secret for 50 years, but some nominations become known or are so claimed by publicists.

The prize money of the Nobel Prize has been fluctuating since its inauguration but as present stands at 10 million Swedish kronor. The winner also wins a gold medal and a Nobel diploma, and is invited to give a lecture during the prize-giving ceremony, on December 10, in Stockholm that year.


Controversies

The Prize in Literature has a history of controversial awards. From 1901 to 1912 the committee was characterized by an interpretation of the "ideal direction" stated in Nobel's will as "a lofty and sound idealism", which caused Leo Tolstoy, Henrik Ibsen and Émile Zola to be rejected. During World War I and its immediate aftermath, the committee adopted a policy of neutrality, favouring writers from non-combatant countries.

It has been suggested that W. H. Auden's poorly received (yet bestselling) translation to 1961 Peace Prize winner Dag Hammarskjöld's Vägmärken ("Markings"), coupled with statements made by Auden during a Scandinavian lecture tour suggesting that Hammarskjöld was homosexual (as was Auden), negated Auden's chances of receiving the prize.

The Nobel winner in 1970, Soviet dissident Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, did not attend the prize ceremony in Stockholm for fear that he would not be allowed to return afterwards to the USSR (where his works were circulated in samizdat-- clandestine form). After the Swedish government refused to honor Solzhenitsyn with a public award ceremony and lecture at its Moscow embassy, Solzhenitsyn refused the award altogether, commenting that the conditions set by the Swedes (who preferred a private ceremony) were "an insult to the Nobel Prize itself." Solzhenitsyn did not accept the award, and prize money, until December 10, 1974, following his arrest and deportation from the Soviet Union.

During 1974 Graham Greene, Vladimir Nabokov, and Saul Bellow were considered, but rejected for a joint award in favor of Swedish authors Eyvind Johnson and Harry Martinson, both Nobel judges themselves. Bellow would win the prize in 1976; neither Greene nor Nabokov were honoured.

The award to Dario Fo in 1997 was initially considered "rather lightweight" by some critics, as he was seen primarily as a performer and had previously been censured by the Roman Catholic Church. According to Fo's London publisher, Salman Rushdie and Arthur Miller were favourites to win that year, but the organisers stated that they would have been "too predictable, too popular".

The choice of the 2004 winner, Elfriede Jelinek, drew criticism from academicians themselves. Knut Ahnlund (who had not played an active role in the academy since 1996) resigned saying that picking Jelinek had caused "irreparable damage" to the award's reputation.

Jorge Luis Borges was considered for the prize for many years but, as Borges' biographer Edwin Williamson stated, he did not receive it due to his political views.

9/19/2007

NaNoWriMo

NaNoWriMo, or National Novel Writing Month, is a creative writing project originating in the United States in which each participant attempts to write a 50,000 word novel in a single month. Despite the name, the project is now international in scope. Nearly 80,000 participants registered in 2006, with almost 13,000 winners verfiying their novels as meeting the goal. The cumulative word total for all participants in 2006 was 982,564,701.


History

The project was started by Chris Baty in July 1999 with 21 participants in the San Francisco Bay area. Since then, the event has been held in November "to more fully take advantage of the miserable weather."
2000 was the first year NaNoWriMo had a website; instead of a message board, the group had a Yahoo! club. It was also the first year many of the ground rules for NaNoWriMo were laid out, such as disallowing previously started works or co-authored books. 140 participants signed up for participation and 21 completed 50,000 words.

In 2001, Chris Baty stated that he expected 150 participants; 5000 signed up. At that point in time, sign-ups were not automated, so the end of October and the beginning of November were spent with Baty and a small team of volunteers signing the massive backlog up by hand. Other troubles included a hacking of the site and massive bandwidth use forcing Baty to turn down the idea of official wordcount verifications. 700 writers crossed the finish line that year.

2002 saw massive technical improvements and automation to the site, as well as what Baty described as "laugh-so-we-don’t-cry t-shirt misadventures." Media attention from the National Public Radio and CBS Evening News brought the participation count to 14,000. The next year saw the start of the Municipal Liaison program and the first set of pep talk emails. Baty also began work on "No Plot? No Problem!" during the 2003 NaNoWriMo, writing concurrently on it and his own fiction novel.

From there, the site has continued to grow every year; 2004 was marked by a new site layout, entirely new code, the book-styled Flash profile pages, and 42,000 participants. In 2005, 59,703 people participated and 9,765 were declared winners, and new features to the site included the Young Writer's Program and an official Podcast. 2006 included more participants, more publicity from the likes of BoingBoing.net and Yahoo, and additional features such as a WriMo comic and a sponsorship program.


Rules
Participants' novels can be on any theme and in any genre, and are allowed in languages other than English. Everything from fanfiction, using copyrighted characters, to novels in poem format and metafiction is allowed; in the words of the FAQ, "If you believe you're writing a novel, we believe you're writing a novel too." They must be completed before 11:59:59 PM on 30 November, local time. Advance planning and notes are permissible, but no earlier written material can go into the body of the novels.

Participants either write a complete novel of fifty thousand words or simply write the first fifty thousand words of a novel which may require more text to complete. Although the former is arguably more satisfying, and many participants aim to complete their plots just past the fifty thousand word mark, a fifty thousand word novel is not particularly long by the standards of published works and might be more accurately described as a novella. Some participants may set higher goals for themselves, like writing 100,000 words or completing two or more separate novels.

No prizes are awarded for exceptional length, quality, or speed. Anyone who successfully reaches the 50,000 word mark is declared a "winner." Beginning 25 November, participants can submit their novel to be automatically verified for length and receive a printable certificate, an icon they can display on the web, and inclusion on the list of winners. No precautions are taken to prevent cheating; since the only significant reward for winning is the finished novel itself and the satisfaction of having written it, there is little incentive to cheat. Novels to be verified are "read" by software, and they may be scrambled (have letters randomly substituted for other letters) before being submitted for verification, so it is possible to win without anyone (other than the author) ever seeing or reading the novel.

To "win" NaNoWriMo, participants need to write an average of 1,666 and 2/3 words per day (typically rounded up to 1667), which is about two and a half pages, single-spaced, in a 12 pt font. This pace allows little time for revision or editing. Organizers of the event say that the aim is simply to get people to start writing, using the deadline as an incentive to get the story going and put words to paper. This "quantity over quality" philosophy is summarized by the site's slogan: "No Plot? No Problem!" This is also the title of Chris Baty's book of advice for NaNoWriMo participants, published in the fall of 2004 by Chronicle Books. There is no fee to participate in NaNoWriMo; registration is only required for novel verification.


Community
For many participants, the related forums are an integral part of the whole endeavor, providing advice, information, criticism, support, and an opportunity for collective procrastination. The forums are available from the beginning of October, when signups for that year start, until late September, where they are archived and wiped in preparation for the next year. There is also an official IRC channel, #NaNoWriMo, found on the GoodChatting server, where participants can talk, socialize, brainstorm, or participate in Word Wars, which is a timed friendly competition usually between five and twenty minutes where participants try to write as many words in that span of time as they can.

Participants also gather in person. Most regions of the world have one or more Municipal Liaisons assigned to them; these are volunteers who offer to help with organizing events. Most areas will have at least two kinds of meet-ups; a kickoff party, and a "Thank God It's Over" party to celebrate successes and share novels. Kickoff parties are often held the weekend before November to give local writers a chance to meet and get geared up, although some are held on Halloween night past midnight to allow writers to start writing in a community setting. Other events may be scheduled, such as weekend meet-ups or overnight write-ins.


Programs
In September 2006, NaNoWriMo officially became a 501(c)(3) non-profit under the name The Office of Letters and Light. All contributions are tax-deductible under U.S. law. Donations can be made directly, or users can purchase items such as T-shirts and mugs from the NaNoWriMo store. In 2004, NaNoWriMo partnered with children's literacy non-profit Room to Read and has continued with that partnership for three years. 50% of net proceeds from 2004 and 2005 were used to build libraries in Southeast Asia; three were built in Cambodia and seven more were built in Laos. $14,000 was raised in 2005 to help with this project. In 2006, funds will be directed to building children's libraries in Vietnam.

NaNoWriMo also runs a Laptop Loaner program for those who do not have regular access to a computer or word processor. All their laptops are donated from NaNoWriMo participants. Those wishing to borrow a laptop are required to cover the cost of shipping it back and must send a $300 deposit but are not charged a fee for using the laptops. In 2006, AlphaSmart, Inc. donated 25 brand-new Neos to expand Laptop Loaner library with the promise of 25 more over the next two years.

In 2005, NaNoWriMo started up a Young Writer's Program primarily aimed at classrooms of kindergarten through 12th grade students, although homeschooled individuals and groups are also welcomed. Its inaugural year, the program was used in 150 classrooms and involved 4000 students. Teachers can sign up their classroom for participation and are sent a starter kit of materials to use in the class, which includes reward items like stickers and pencils. Lesson plans and writing ideas are also offered as resources to teachers, while students can participate in the forums.


Spinoffs
Other unofficial events have spun off from NaNoWriMo since its inception. Those who wish to spend time editing and polishing the stories composed during NaNoWriMo may choose to follow it up in March with NaNoEdMo, or National Novel Editing Month. The original site went dead in June 2006; a different group has revived it at NaNoEdMo.net for March 2007. NaNoPubYe is a similar group that seeks to have a novel published in a year, starting with NaNoWriMo in November and continuing through the editing and publishing process through the remaining 11 months.

Similar communities for writing novels in other months also exist. NaNoFiMo, National Novel Finishing Month, takes place in December. There are two communities for writing a novel in January, a Livejournal community and a forum-based website which are loosely affiliated but not the same. April Fools takes place in April. There is also a group for July, JulNoWriMo, which will have its third year of participants in 2007. NaNoWriYe runs for a full year with winners writing between 50,000 and 3,000,000 words. Other timed writing communities include Book in a Week, Write Here, Right Now, which is a 1000 words a day challenge in February from Radio Scotland, and Mad Challenge, alternating between a novel in a month and other challenges. A group in Wellington, New Zealand has created Kiwi Writers, a writing resource web page open to anyone where members can create and offer up their own writing challenges to other members. Based on Nanowrimo, they also have a novel writing month more appropriate to the southern hemisphere, taking place in June (Southern Cross Novel Challenge, or "SocNoc").

A non-novel writing spin-off is NaBloPoMo, National Blog Posting Month, which also occurs annually in November. The Office of Letters and Light, creators of NaNoWriMo, have also planned Script Frenzy, a scriptwriting spinoff, for June of 2007[8]. Naplwrimo (National Playwriting Month) encourages its members to finish an existing script or complete a new one in the month of November. For artists, NaNoMangO occurs twice a year, once in November and once in June, and challenges artists to draw thirty pages of a comic in a month, and NaNoArtMo in January encourages participants to complete ten different art projects in a month.

9/18/2007

Finlandia Prize

The Finlandia Prize is the most prestigious literary award in Finland. It is awarded annually to the author of the best Finnish novel, children's book, and non-fiction book. The award sum (as of 2005) is 26,000 euros (was 100,000 Finnish Marks).


Finlandia Award

Winners of the prize for best novel include:

1984 Erno Paasilinna - Loneliness and defiance (Yksinäisyys ja uhma)
1985 Jörn Donner (Far och son)
1986 Sirkka Turkka (Tule takaisin, pikku sheba)
1987 Helvi Hämäläinen - ‘'Dreams of my generation'’ (Sukupolveni unta)
1988 Gösta Ågren - Jär
1989 Markku Envall (Samurai nukkuu)
1990 Olli Jalonen - Becoming Father and Daughter (Isäksi ja tyttäreksi)
1991 Arto Melleri (Elävien kirjoissa)
1992 Leena Krohn - Mathematical Beings (Matemaattisia olioita tai jaettuja unia)
1993 Bo Carpelan (Urwind/Alkutuuli)
1994 Eeva Joenpelto Judge Moller (Tuomari Müller, hieno mies)
1995 Hannu Mäkelä (Mestari)
1996 Irja Rane (Naurava neitsyt)
1997 Antti Tuuri (Lakeuden kutsu)
1998 Pentti Holappa Portrait of a Friend (Ystävän muotokuva)
1999 Kristina Carlson (Maan ääreen)
2000 Johanna Sinisalo Not Before Sundown, also known as Troll: A Love Story (Ennen päivänlaskua ei voi) ISBN 951-31-1886-X
2001 Hannu Raittila Canal Grande
2002 Kari Hotakainen Trench Street (Juoksuhaudantie)
2003 Pirkko Saisio (Punainen erokirja)
2004 Helena Sinervo (Runoilijan talossa)
2005 Bo Carpelan (Berg) Carpelan is the only person as of yet who has received the prize twice
2006 Kjell Westö (Där vi en gång gått - Where we once went)

Finlandia Junior award

The Finlandia Junior prize is awarded for children's and young adult literature. Winners include:

1997 Alexis Kouros Children of Gondwana (Gondwanan lapset) Illustrated by Alexander Reichstein.
1998 Leena Laulajainen The Golden Berry and the Secrets of the Forest (Kultamarja ja metsän salaisuudet) Illustrated by Liisa Hakkarainen.
1999 Kari Levola I Do (Tahdon).
2000 Tomi Kontio In the Spring, Father Got Wings (Keväällä isä sai siivet).
2001 Kira Poutanen The Wonderful Sea (Ihana meri)
2002 Raili Mikkanen - (Ei ole minulle suvannot!)
2003 Arja Puikkonen - (Haloo kuuleeko kaupunki)
2004 Riitta Jalonen - Tyttö ja naakkapuu
2005 Tuula Korolainen - Kuono kohti tähteä
2006 Timo Parvela - Keinulauta

Tieto-Finlandia award

The Tieto-Finlandia Award is considered Finland's most significant non-fiction award. Winners include:

1989 Erik Tawaststjerna (Jean Sibelius 1-5)
1990 Markku Löytönen (ed.) (Matka-arkku. Suomalaisia tutkimusmatkailijoita)
1991 Olli Marttila, Tari Haahtela, Hannu Aarnio, Pekka Ojalainen (Suomen päiväperhoset)
1992 Jukka Salo, Mikko Pyhälä (Amazonia)
1993 Erik Wahlström, Tapio Reinikainen, Eeva-Liisa Hallanoro (Ympäristön tila Suomessa)
1994 Heikki Ylikangas (Tie Tampereelle. Dokumentoitu kuvaus Tampereen antautumiseen johtaneista sotatapahtumista Suomen sisällissodassa)
1995 Matti Sarmela (Suomen perinneatlas)
1996 Pekka Kivikäs (Kalliomaalaukset - muinainen kuva-arkistomme)
1997 Fabian Dahlström, Erkki Salmenhaara, Mikko Heiniö (Suomen musiikin historia 1-4)
1998 Hannu Karttunen (Vanhin tiede. Tähtitiedettä kivikaudesta kuulentoihin)
1999 Kari Enqvist (Olemisen porteilla)
2000 Anu Kantola et al. (Maailman tila ja Suomi)
2001 Heikki Paunonen, Marjatta Paunonen (Tsennaaks Stadii, bonjaaks slangii. Stadin slangin suursanakirja)
2002 Esko Valtaoja (Kotona maailmankaikkeudessa)
2003 Antti Helanterä, Veli-Pekka Tynkkynen Maantieteelle Venäjä ei voi mitään
2004 Elina Sana Luovutetut. Suomen ihmisluovutukset Gestapolle
2005 Sami Koski, Mika Rissanen, Juha Tahvanainen Antiikin urheilu
2006 Erkki Tuomioja, (Heikki Eskelinen, translat.) - Häivähdys punaista. Hella Wuolijoki ja hänen sisarensa Salme Pekkala vallankumouksen palveluksessa. English title: A Delicate Shade of Pink

The Prix Femina

The Prix Femina is a French literary prize created in 1904 by 22 writers for the magazine La Vie heureuse (today known as Femina). The prize is decided each year by an exclusively female jury. The winner is announced on the first Wednesday of November each year.

The Prix Femina is often misspelled Prix Fémina but it is officially spelled without an accent even in French.

List of winners

There are three categories: Prix Femina, Prix Femina Essai, Prix Femina Étranger (foreign novels).


Prix Femina

2006 : Lignes de faille - Nancy Huston
2005 : Asile de fous - Régis Jauffret
2004 : Une vie française - Jean-Paul Dubois
2003 : Le complexe de Di - Dai Sijie
2002 : Les adieux à la reine - Chantal Thomas
2001 : Rosie Carpe - Marie Ndiaye
2000 : Dans ces bras-là - Camille Laurens
1999 : Anchise - Maryline Desbiolles
1998 : Le Dit de Tianyi - François Cheng
1997 : Amour noir - Dominique Noguez
1996 : Week-end de chasse à la mère - Genevière Brisac
1995 : La Classe de neige - Emmanuel Carrère
1994 : Port-Soudan - Olivier Rolin
1993 : L'Oeil du silence - Marc Lambron
1992 : Aden - Anne-Marie Garat
1991 : Déborah et les anges dissipés - Paula Jacques
1990 : Nous sommes éternels - Pierrette Fleutiaux
1989 : Jours de colère - Sylvie Germain
1988 : Le Zèbre - Alexandre Jardin
1987 : L'Égal à Dieu - Alain Absire
1986 : L'Enfer - René Belletto
1985 : Sans la miséricorde du Christ - Hector Bianciotti
1984 : Tous les soleils - Bertrand Visage
1983 : Riche et légère - Florence Delay
1982 : Les Fous de Bassan - Anne Hébert
1981 : Le Grand Vizir de la nuit - Catherine Hermary-Vieille
1980 : Joue-nous España - Jocelyne François
1979 : Le Guetteur d'ombre - Pierre Moinot
1978 : Un amour de père - François Sonkin
1977 : La neige brûle - Régis Debray
1976 : Le Trajet - Marie-Louise Haumont
1975 : Le Maître d'heure - Claude Faraggi
1974 : L'Imprécateur - René-Victor Pilhes
1973 : Juan Maldonne - Michel Dard
1972 : Ciné-roman - Roger Grenier
1971 : La Maison des Atlandes - Angelo Rinaldi
1970 : La Crève - François Nourissier
1969 : La Deuxième Mort de Ramón Mercader - Jorge Semprun
1968 : L'Oeuvre au noir - Marguerite Yourcenar
1967 : Élise ou la Vraie Vie - Claire Etcherelli
1966 : Nature morte devant la fenêtre - Irène Monesi
1965 : Quelqu'un - Robert Pinget
1964 : Le Faussaire - Jean Blanzat
1963 : La Nuit de Mougins - Roger Vrigny
1962 : Le Sud - Yves Berger
1961 : Le Promontoire - Henri Thomas
1960 : La Porte retombée - Louise Bellock
1959 : Au pied du mur - Bernard Privat
1958 : L'Empire céleste - Françoise Mallet-Joris
1957 : Le Carrefour des solitudes - Christian Megret
1956 : Les Adieux - François-Régis Bastide
1955 : Le pays où l'on arrive jamais - André Dhôtel
1954 : La Machine humaine - Gabriel Véraldi
1953 : La Pierre angulaire - Zoé Oldenbourg
1952 : Le Souffle - Dominique Rolin
1951 : Jabadao - Anne de Tourville
1950 : La Femme sans passé - Serge Groussard
1949 : La Dame de coeur - Maria Le Hardouin
1948 : Les Hauteurs de la ville - Emmanuel Roblès
1947 : Bonheur d'occasion - Gabrielle Roy
1946 : Le Temps de la longue patience - Michel Robida
1945 : Le Chemin du soleil - Anne-Marie Monnet
1944 : Décerné aux Éditions de Minuit
1943 : no winner
1942 : no winner
1941 : no winner
1940 : no winner
1939 : La Rose de la mer - Paul Vialar
1938 : Caroline ou le Départ pour les îles - Félix de Chazournes
1937 : Campagne - Raymonde Vincent
1936 : Sangs - Louise Hervieu
1935 : Bénédiction - Claude Silve
1934 : Le Bateau-refuge - Robert Francis
1933 : Claude - Geneviève Fauconnier
1932 : Le Pari - Ramon Fernandez
1931 : Vol de nuit - Antoine de Saint-Exupéry
1930 : Cécile de la Folie - Marc Chadourne
1929 : La Joie - Georges Bernanos
1928 : Georgette Garou - Dominique Dunois
1927 : Grand-Louis l'innocent - Marie Le Franc
1926 : Prodige du coeur - Charles Silvestre
1925 : Jeanne d'Arc - Joseph Delteil
1924 : Le Bestiaire sentimental - Charles Derennes
1923 : Les Allongés - Jeanne Galzy
1922 : Silbermann - Jacques de Lacretelle
1921 : Cantegril - Raymond Escholier
1920 : Le Jardin des Dieux - Edmond Gojon
1919 : Les Croix de bois - Roland Dorgelès
1918 : Le Serviteur - Henri Bachelin
1917 : L'Odyssée d'un transport torpillé - René Milan
1916 : no winner
1915 : no winner
1914 : no winner
1913 : La Statue voilée - Camille Marbo
1912 : Feuilles mortes - Jacques Morel
1911 : Le Roman du malade - Louis de Robert
1910 : Marie-Claire - Marguerite Audoux
1909 : Le reste est silence - Edmond Jaloux
1908 : La Vie secrète - Édouard Estaunié
1907 : Princesses de science - Colette Yver
1906 : Gemmes et moires - André Corthis
1905 : Jean-Christophe - Romain Rolland
1904 : La Conquête de Jérusalem - Myriam Harry

Prix Femina Essai

2005 : L'ensauvagement - Thérèse Delpech
2004 : L'Indiscrétion des frères Goncourt - Roger Kempf
2003 : Une saison de machettes - Jean Hatzfeld
2002 : Massoud - Michael Barry

Prix Femina Étranger

2006 : L'Histoire de Chicago May - Nuala O'Faolain
2005 : The Falls - Joyce Carol Oates
2004 : Sang impur - Hugo Hamilton
2003 : La porte - Magda Szabo
2002 : Montedidio - Erri De Luca
2001 : Mauvaise Pente - Keith Ridgway
2000 : Mon Frère - Jamaïca Kincaid
1999 : Le Bouddha blanc - Hitonari Tsuji
1998 : Pleine Lune - Antonio Muñoz Molina
1997 : La Capitale déchue - Jia Pingwa
1996 : Demain dans la bataille, pense à moi - Javier Marias
1995 : Rouge décanté - Jeroen Brouwers
1994 : Royaume interdit - Rose Tremain
1993 : L'Enfant volé - Ian McEwan
1992 : Love, etc. - Julian Barnes
1991 : Ce vaste monde - David Malouf
1990 : Matin perdu - Vergilio Ferreira
1989 : La Vérité sur Lorin Jones - Alison Lurie
1988 : La Boîte noire - Amos Oz
1987 : Mouflets - Susan Minot
1986 : Bethsabée - Torgny Lindgren
1985 : Michael K, sa vie, son temps - John Maxwell Coetzee

The Miguel de Cervantes Prize

Premio Miguel de Cervantes (the Miguel de Cervantes Prize) is awarded annually to honor the lifetime achievement of an outstanding writer in the Spanish language. The prize is similar to the Booker prize in that it rewards authors from multiple (in this case Spanish speaking) nations. Unlike the Booker prize it is awarded only once in recognition of the recipients overall body of work and is therefore regarded as a type of Nobel Prize in Literature in the Spanish language. It is named after Miguel de Cervantes, author of Don Quixote.

The candidates are proposed by the Language Academies of the Spanish-speaking countries, and the prize is awarded by the Ministry of Culture of Spain.

The winner receives a monetary award of 90,000 euros.

Winner list:

2006 Antonio Gamoneda (Spain)
2005 Sergio Pitol (Mexico)
2004 Rafael Sánchez Ferlosio (Spain)
2003 Gonzalo Rojas (Chile)
2002 José Jiménez Lozano (Spain)
2001 Álvaro Mutis (Colombia)
2000 Francisco Umbral (Spain)
1999 Jorge Edwards (Chile)
1998 José Hierro (Spain)
1997 Guillermo Cabrera Infante (Cuba)
1996 José García Nieto (Spain)
1995 Camilo José Cela (Spain)
1994 Mario Vargas Llosa (Peru)
1993 Miguel Delibes (Spain)
1992 Dulce María Loynaz (Cuba)
1991 Francisco Ayala (Spain)
1990 Adolfo Bioy Casares (Argentina)
1989 Augusto Roa Bastos (Paraguay)
1988 María Zambrano (Spain)
1987 Carlos Fuentes (Mexico, born in Panama)
1986 Antonio Buero Vallejo (Spain)
1985 Gonzalo Torrente Ballester (Spain)
1984 Ernésto Sábato (Argentina)
1983 Rafael Alberti (Spain)
1982 Luis Rosales (Spain)
1981 Octavio Paz (Mexico)
1980 Juan Carlos Onetti (Uruguay)
1979 Jorge Luis Borges (Argentina) and Gerardo Diego (Spain)
1978 Dámaso Alonso (Spain)
1977 Alejo Carpentier (Cuba)
1976 Jorge Guillén (Spain)

Carnegie Medal in Literature

The Carnegie Medal in Literature was established in the UK in 1936 in honour of Scottish philanthropist Andrew Carnegie. It is awarded to an outstanding book for children and young adult readers. Nominated books must be written in English and should first have been published in the UK during the previous year. The Carnegie judging panel consists of 13 children's librarians from the Youth Libraries Group of CILIP, and is thus similar to the American Newbery medal. Nominated books are also read by students from many schools who send feedback to the judging panel. CILIP also recognizes excellence in illustration, with the Kate Greenaway Medal, which is similar to the American Caldecott medal.

The award is announced in the July following the year of publication. The winner receives a golden medal and £500 worth of books to donate to a public or school library.

The original rules stated that an author could only win the Medal once. This rule was later changed to enable subsequent work by the same author to be included for consideration.


List of winners

(note that years refer to the publication date of the books - the medal was awarded the following year)

2006 Meg Rosoff, Just in Case
2005 Mal Peet, Tamar
2004 Frank Cottrell Boyce, Millions
2003 Jennifer Donnelly, A Gathering Light, Bloomsbury
2002 Sharon Creech, Ruby Holler, Bloomsbury
2001 Terry Pratchett, The Amazing Maurice and his Educated Rodents, Doubleday
2000 Beverley Naidoo, The Other Side of Truth, Puffin
1999 Aidan Chambers, Postcards From No Man's Land, Bodley Head
1998 David Almond, Skellig, Hodder
1997 Tim Bowler, River Boy, OUP
1996 Melvin Burgess, Junk, Andersen Press
1995 Philip Pullman, His Dark Materials: Book 1 Northern Lights, Scholastic
1994 Theresa Breslin, Whispers in the Graveyard, Methuen
1993 Robert Swindells, Stone Cold, H Hamilton
1992 Anne Fine, Flour Babies, H Hamilton
1991 Berlie Doherty, Dear Nobody, H Hamilton
1990 Gillian Cross, Wolf, OUP
1989 Anne Fine, Goggle-eyes, H Hamilton
1988 Geraldine McCaughrean, A Pack of Lies, OUP
1987 Susan Price, The Ghost Drum, Faber
1986 Berlie Doherty, Granny was a Buffer Girl, Methuen
1985 Kevin Crossley-Holland, Storm, Heinemann
1984 Margaret Mahy, The Changeover, Dent
1983 Jan Mark, Handles, Kestrel
1982 Margaret Mahy, The Haunting, Dent
1981 Robert Westall, The Scarecrows, Chatto & Windus
1980 Peter Dickinson, City of Gold, Gollancz
1979 Peter Dickinson, Tulku, Gollancz
1978 David Rees, The Exeter Blitz, H Hamilton
1977 Gene Kemp, The Turbulent Term of Tyke Tiler, Faber
1976 Jan Mark, Thunder and Lightnings, Kestrel
1975 Robert Westall, The Machine Gunners, Macmillan
1974 Mollie Hunter, The Stronghold, H Hamilton
1973 Penelope Lively, The Ghost of Thomas Kempe, Heinemann
1972 Richard Adams, Watership Down, Rex Collings
1971 Ivan Southall, Josh, Angus & Robertson
1970 Leon Garfield & Edward Blishen, illustrated by Charles Keeping, The God Beneath the Sea, Longman
1969 K. M. Peyton, The Edge of the Cloud, OUP
1968 Rosemary Harris, The Moon in the Cloud, Faber
1967 Alan Garner, The Owl Service, Collins
1966 Prize withheld as no book considered suitable
1965 Philip Turner, The Grange at High Force, OUP
1964 Sheena Porter, Nordy Bank, OUP
1963 Hester Burton, Time of Trial, OUP
1962 Pauline Clarke, The Twelve and the Genii, Faber
1961 Lucy M. Boston, A Stranger at Green Knowe, Faber
1960 Dr I. W. Cornwall, The Making of Man, Phoenix House
1959 Rosemary Sutcliff, The Lantern Bearers, OUP
1958 Philippa Pearce, Tom's Midnight Garden, OUP
1957 William Mayne, A Grass Rope, OUP
1956 C. S. Lewis, The Last Battle, Bodley Head
1955 Eleanor Farjeon, The Little Bookroom, OUP
1954 Ronald Welch (Felton Ronald Oliver), Knight Crusader, OUP
1953 Edward Osmond, A Valley Grows Up
1952 Mary Norton, The Borrowers, Dent
1951 Cynthia Harnett, The Woolpack, Methuen
1950 Elfrida Vipont Foulds, The Lark on the Wing, OUP
1949 Agnes Allen, The Story of Your Home, Faber
1948 Richard Armstrong, Sea Change, Dent
1947 Walter De La Mare, Collected Stories for Children
1946 Elizabeth Goudge, The Little White Horse, University of London Press
1945 Prize withheld as no book considered suitable
1944 Eric Linklater, The Wind on the Moon, Macmillan
1943 Prize withheld as no book considered suitable
1942 'B.B.' (D. J. Watkins-Pitchford), The Little Grey Men, Eyre & Spottiswoode
1941 Mary Treadgold, We Couldn't Leave Dinah, Cape
1940 Kitty Barne, Visitors from London, Dent
1939 Eleanor Doorly, Radium Woman, Heinemann
1938 Noel Streatfeild, The Circus is Coming, Dent
1937 Eve Garnett, The Family from One End Street, Muller
1936 Arthur Ransome, Pigeon Post, Cape

Shortlists

(note that years refer to the publication date of the books - the medal was awarded the following year)

2006
Kevin Brooks, The Road of the Dead, The Chicken House
Siobhan Dowd, A Swift Pure Cry, David Ficking Books
Anne Fine, The Road of Bones, Doubleday
Ally Kennen, Beast, Marion Lloyd Books
Meg Rosoff, Just in Case, Penguin
Marcus Sedgwick, My Swordhand is Singing, Orion

2005
David Almond, Clay, Hodder Children's Books
Frank Cottrell Boyce, Framed, Macmillan Children's Books
Jan Mark, Turbulence, Hodder Children's Books
Geraldine McCaughrean, The White Darkness, Oxford University Press
Mal Peet, Tamar, Walker Books

2004
Anne Cassidy, Looking for JJ, Scholastic Children's Books
Gennifer Choldenko, Al Capone Does My Shirts, Bloomsbury
Frank Cottrell Boyce, Millions, Macmillan
Sharon Creech, Heartbeat, Bloomsbury
Eva Ibbotson, The Star of Kazan, Macmillan
Philip Pullman, The Scarecrow and his Servant, Doubleday

2003
David Almond, The Fire Eaters, Hodder Children's Books
Jennifer Donnelly, A Gathering Light, Bloomsbury
Mark Haddon, The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night Time, David Fickling Books
Elizabeth Laird, The Garbage King, Macmillan
Michael Morpurgo, Private Peaceful, Collins
Linda Newbery, Sisterland, David Fickling Books

2002
Kevin Brooks, Martyn Pig, The Chicken House
Sharon Creech, Ruby Holler, Bloomsbury Children's Books
Anne Fine, Up On Clound Nine, Corgi Books
Alan Gibbons, The Edge, Dolphin Paperbacks
Lian Hearn, Across the Nightingale Floor, Macmillan Children's Books
Linda Newbery, The Shell House, David Fickling Books
Marcus Sedgwick, The Dark Horse, Dolphin Paperbacks

2001
Sharon Creech, Love that Dog, Bloomsbury Children's Books
Peter Dickinson, The Ropemaker, Macmillan Children's Books
Eva Ibbotson, Journey to the River Sea, Macmillan Children's Books
Elizabeth Laird, Jake's Tower, Macmillan Children's Books
Geraldine McCaughrean, The Kite Rider, Oxford University Press
Geraldine McCaughrean, Stop the Train, Oxford University Press
Terry Pratchett, Amazing Maurice and his Educated Rodents, Doubleday

2000
David Almond, Heaven Eyes, Hodder Children's Books
Melvin Burgess, The Ghost Behind the Wall, Andersen Press
Sharon Creech, The Wanderer, Macmillan Children's Books
Jamila Gavin, Coram Boy, Mammoth
Adéle Geras, Troy, Scholastic David Fickling Books
Alan Gibbons, Shadow of the Minotaur, Orion
Beverley Naidoo, The Other Side of Truth, Puffin Books
Philip Pullman, The Amber Spyglass, Scholastic David Fickling Books

1999
David Almond, Kit's Wilderness, Hodder Children's Books
Bernard Ashley, Little Soldier, Orchard Books
Aidan Chambers, Postcards from No Man's Land, Bodley Head Children's Books
Susan Cooper, King of Shadows, Bodley Head Children's Books
Gillian Cross, Tightrope, Oxford University Press
Jenny Nimmo, The Rinaldi Ring, Mammoth
J. K. Rowling, Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, Bloomsbury Children's Books
Jacqueline Wilson, The Illustrated Mum, Doubleday

1998
David Almond, Skellig
Robert Cormier, Heroes
Peter Dickinson, The Kin
Chris d'Lacey, Fly, Cherokee, fly
Susan Price, The Sterkarm Handshake

1997
Malorie Blackman, Pig-heart Boy
Henrietta Branford, Fire, Bed and Bone
Tim Bowler, River Boy
Geraldine McCaughrean, Forever X
Philip Ridley, Scribbleboy
J.K. Rowling, Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone
Theresa Tomlinson, Meet me by the Steel Men

1996
Melvin Burgess, Junk
Michael Coleman, Weirdo's War
Anne Fine, The Tulip Touch
Elizabeth Laird, Secret Friends
Terry Pratchett, Johnny and the Bomb
Philip Pullman, Clockwork, or All Wound Up
Chloe Rayban, Love in Cyberia
Jacqueline Wilson, Bad Girls

1995
Susan Gates, Raider
Philip Pullman, His Dark Materials: Book 1 Northern Lights
Jacqueline Wilson, Double Act

1994
Lynne Reid Banks, Broken Bridge
Theresa Breslin, Whispers in the Graveyard
Berlie Doherty, Wills and old Miss Annie
Lesley Howarth, Maphead
Michael Morpurgo, Arthur High King of Britain
Jenny Nimmo, Griffin's Castle
Robert Westall, A Time of Fire
Jacqueline Wilson, The Bed and Breakfast Star

1993
Melvin Burgess, The Baby and Fly Pie
Anne Merrick, Someone came Knocking
Jenny Nimmo, The Stone Mouse
Robert Swindells, Stone Cold

70th Anniversary Carnegie of Carnegies (2007)

For the 70th Anniversary of the Carnegie Medal CILIP is running an online poll to find the nation's favourite Carnegie Medal winning book of all time. The poll was launched on 20th April, and the winner - Philip Pullman's Northern Lights - was announced on 21st June at the British Library.

The shortlist of ten medal winning novels was as follows (the bracketed date refers to the year of first publication):


David Almond, Skellig, (1998)
Melvin Burgess, Junk, (1996)
Kevin Crossley-Holland, Storm, (1985)
Jennifer Donnelly, A Gathering Light, (2003)
Alan Garner, The Owl Service, (1967)
Eve Garnett, The Family From One End Street, (1937)
Mary Norton, The Borrowers, (1952)
Philippa Pearce, Tom's Midnight Garden, (1958)
Philip Pullman, Northern Lights, (1995)
Robert Westall, The Machine-Gunners, (1981)

Astrid Lindgren Memorial Award

The Astrid Lindgren Memorial Award is the world's largest children's and youth literature award. It was instituted by the Government of Sweden in 2002 in honour of the Swedish children's books author Astrid Lindgren. The prize is awarded annually to an amount of five million SEK, which is about US$700,000 or €550,000.

The Astrid Lindgren Memorial Award (ALMA) may be awarded to authors, illustrators, narrators and/or promoters of reading whose work reflects the spirit of Astrid Lindgren. The object of the award is to increase interest in children’s and young people’s literature, and to promote children’s rights to culture on a global level. The award is administered by The Swedish Arts Council.


Laureates
2007: Banco del Libro (Venezuela)
2006: Katherine Paterson (United States)
2005: Philip Pullman (United Kingdom), Ryôji Arai (Japan)
2004: Lygia Bojunga Nunes (Brazil)
2003: Maurice Sendak (United States), Christine Nöstlinger (Austria)